Effect Of Different Noise Reduction Health And Social Care Essay

Abstract-The designing of this paper is to measure the wake of varied disagreement decrease leachs on computed visualise ( CT ) discoers. In peculiar, denoising filters based on the combination of Gaussian and Prewitt operators and on aeolotropic scattering ar proposed. Simulation ends show that the proposed techniques increase the pictorial matter quality and let the usage of a low-dose CT protocol.Index Terms-Computed imaging ( CT ) , denoising filters, ii-baser quality, light beam social diseaseComputed imaging ( CT ) is a radio in writing review method that generates a 3-D cypher of the interior of an object from a macroscopic series of 2-D throws subscribe ton on a cross-section(a) plane of the same object. In most clinical conditions, CT has been needed in adjunction to conventional skiagraphy. By and big(a) talking, conventional radiogram depict a 3-D object as a 2-D fancy, puzzled by an roentgen ray underground, which rotates around the organic structure of the non despicable patient. of Hounsfield graduated tables that represents the country of involvement. The available grey graduated table is short-circuit over the chosen scope. For this purpose, 2 parametric quantities are defined, i.e. , windowing breadth, which defines the difference betwixt the upper and lower bounds of the selected scope, and windowing centre, which represents the centre of the window. After a cross-sectional externalise is acquired, the patient is advanced through the gantry into the following stationary plant, and so the following image is acquired. Improvement in tubing design, cypher machine, and hardware human race presentations has led to an development of CT scanners, diagonal imbibe the accomplishment scan times and intermiting the declaration. A prototypic development of the traditionalistic CT scanner is the spiral ( or helical ) scanner 1 . It is based on the uninterrupted patient gesture through the gauntry combined with the interrupted tubing rotary motion. The name of this scanner engineering derives from the coiling way traced divulge by the X-ray beam. The major advantages of coiling scanning compared with the traditional attack consist of its im prove velocity and spacial declaration. To farther cut belt polish up the scan clip, the multislice CT scanner has been demonstrable 2 . This system uses multiple rows of sensors. This manner, the throughput of the patient is well change magnitude. However, multislice scanners generate an increased sum of informations compared with the single-slice scanner, and practic ally, the throughput of patients is limited by the clip taken to retrace the acquired informations. In add-on, diagnostic CT imaging involves a trade-off between the image quality and the radiation therapy dosage hence, the decrease of the CT image ring is authoritative to cut down the acquisition clip without deteriorating the contrast and the signal-to dissension rati o. The visual image of the anatomic constructions by agencies of CT is affected by two effects, viz. , blurring, which reduces the profile of little object, and hoo-hah, which reduces the visibleness of low-contrast objects. During scanning, the sum of blurring is goaded by the focal topographic point size and the sensor size, whereas at the clip of image Reconstruction procedure, blurring is due to the voxel size and the type of employ filter. Another common process to scan the on the whole organic structure, well-favoured 3-D images, is charismatic resonance imagination ( MRI ) , which is based on magnetic belongingss of the H content of interweaves. The MRI scanner is a tubing surrounded by a elephantine round magnet. The patient is situated on a movable bed that is inserted into the strong magnet, which forces H atoms in the patient s organic structure to aline in the magnetic field way. When wireless moving ridges are applied, they perturb the magnetisation offset by t ipping the magnetisation in different waies. As the RF moving ridges turn off, the H atoms lose energy breathing their ain RF signals. Different types of tissues generate different signals. The collected informations are reconstructed into a 2-D array. MRI is a noninvasive scrutiny because the patients are non exposed to the radiation dosage, MRI is effective suited for soft tissues. MRI is more pricy than CT.II. RADIATION DOSE AND IMAGE QUALITYCT histories for 47 % of whole medical radiation, although it represents merely 7 % of whole radiology scrutinies. Hence, the development of techniques for cut downing the radiation dosage becomes indispensable, peculiarly in paediatric applications 3 . In conventional skiagraphy imagination, it is normally clear when over image has taken topographic point. This is non true in CT, because the sum of radiation adsorbed by the patient depends on many proficient parametric quantities, which can automatically be controlled by CT scanners to equilibrate the game image quality and the exposure dosage. Then, it is thinkable that the differences between an equal image and a high-quality image ( obtained with higher exposure ) are non so instantly apparent. Unfortunately, as the radiation additions, the associated hazard of cancerous neoplastic disease is increased, although this is highly little. To adhere the image quality to the radiation dosage, a batch of dose forms were developed. The Computed Tomography Dose Index, along with its discrepancies, includes a set of metre parametric quantities used to depict CT-associated dosage. It is defined as the integral of the dose distri simplyion profile ( measured along a line analogue to the axis of rotary motion of the lamp ) divided by the nominal theme thickness. many an(prenominal) proficient factors contribute to the strength dosage inCT. In sequence, the chief CT parametric quantities and their deductions in the diagnostic quality of the CT tests areinvestigated.1 ) Tube sure ( in factory amperes ) and gantry rotary motion clipThese parametric quantities are bang-up relative to the radiation dosage. Their merchandise ( in mAs ) affects the figure of photons emitted by the X-ray beam, and it is responsible for the radiation exposure. kick upstairsmore, an addition in mill amperes produces melt of the anode of the X-ray tubing.2 ) Tube electromotive force extremum ( kVp ) It is relative to strong root of the dosage. This parametric quantity controls the speed at which the negatrons collide with the anode, and it straight affects X-ray incursion. Furthermore, by utilizing high determine of kVp, it is possible to cut down the difference in tissue densenesss, and this can degrade the image contrast.3 ) Pitch It is defined as the ratio of the table distance travelled in one 360a- rotary motion and the entire collimated breadth of the X-ray beam. A rise in pitch produces a decrease of the radiation dosage but, at the same clip, decreases both the piece sensitiveness and the z-axis declaration. Many CT empirical protocols to set scan scenes take a leak been proposed 5 . Generally, in CT scrutinies, a high radiation dosage consequences in high-quality images. A lower dose leads to the addition in image noise and consequences in un crisp images. This is more critical in low-contrast soft-tissue imagination like abdominal muscle or liver CT. The relationship between the image quality and the dosage in CT is comparatively complex, affecting the interplay of a figure of factors, including noise, axile and longitudinal declarations, and piece width 6 . Depending on the diagnostic undertaking, these factors move to find image sensitiveness ( i.e. , the ability to comprehend low-contrast constructions ) and visibleness of at heart informationsIII. CT IMAGE NOISECT images are per se noisy, and this poses important challenges for image reading, peculiarly in the context of low-dose and high-throughput informations analysis. CT noise affects the visibleness of low-contrast objects. By utilizing well-engineered CT scanners, it is sensible to pretermit the electronic noise caused by electronic devices 7 . Then, in the CT image, the primary subscriber to the entire noise is the quantum noise, which represents the random fluctuation in the fading coefficients of the single tissue voxels 8 . In fact, it is possible that two voxels of the same tissue produce different CT values. A possible attack to cut down the noise is the usage of big voxels, which absorb a batch of photons, guaranting a more accurate measuring of the fading coefficients. In this paper, some image filters to cut down the noise part were proposed. In a first measure, the statistical belongingss of image noise in CT tests were investigated. As apparent in the literature, noise mold and the manner to cut down it are common jobs in most imaging applications. In many image processing applications, a suited denoising stage is frequently re quired forrader any relevant information could be extracted from analyzed images. This is peculiarly necessary when few images are available for analysis. A batch of surveies gravel proved the Gaussianity of the pixel image generated by CT scanners 9 10 . This consequence permits us to set up the stochastic image theoretical card and to carry on a statistical image analysis of CT imagesIV. MATERIALS AND METHODSIn this paper, 20 high-dose thorax CT images supplied by the Radiologist provide of G. Moscati Taranto Hospital have been examined. In peculiar, our attending was pointed to chest scrutinies due to high frequence by radiotherapists look intoing chest pathology, every bit good as the good handiness of this type of images. In fact, in the thorax, CT is by and large better than medical imaging analysis such(prenominal) as MRI for the hollow entrails. Furthermore, lung is the lone organ whose vass can be traced without utilizing contrast media, and this simplifies the i mage amplification. All images ( 512 A- 512 pels ) were in Digital Imaging and communications in Medicine format, which represents the beat in radiology and cardiology imagination patience for informations exchange and image-related information. This standard groups information into information sets, including of import features such as image size and format, acquisition parametric quantities, equipment description, and patient information 16 . The examined images were acquired by agencies of a coiling CT scanner with the undermentioned acquisition puting the tubing electromotive force extremum is 120 kVp, the tubing current is 375 ma, and the piece thickness is 7.5 millimeter. Image visual image was performed by utilizing the criterion windowing parametric quantities for thorax CT, i.e. , windowing centre of 30 HU and windowing breadth of 350 HU. Each image was demoralise by linear zero-mean white Gaussian noise to imitate a low-dose CT image. To this purpose, we have simulate d the decrease in the tubing current score by following an sum of noise in dread with the consequences of old surveies about simulation of dose decrease in CT scrutinies 11 . To be more precise, we have used a degree noise ( standard discrimination = 25 HU ) that about simulates the lowest tubing current degree ( 40 ma ) adopted in CT analysis. This valuecorresponds to the current degree recommended for paediatric thorax CT scrutinies 12 . Fig. 1 shows an illustration of an original high-dose thorax image. . To cut down the noise consequence, different low-pass filters have mostly been used in medical image analysis, but they have the disadvantage to present film overing ricochets. In fact, all smoothing filters, while smoothing out the noise, besides take high frequence knell characteristics by degrading the localisation and the contrast. Therefore, it is necessary to equilibrate the tradeoff amongFig. 1Original CT image obtained with a high dosage of radiation.noise supp ression, image deblurring, and touch sensing. To this purpose, a low-pass filter combined with an border sensor operator was proposed. In peculiar, Gaussian, averaging, and unsharp filters were tested to smooth the noise, whereas Prewitt and Sobel operators were used for border designation. The experimental consequences showed that the combination of Gaussian and Prewitt offers best popular presentations. Successively, a nonlinear denoising technique has been tested, and its public presentations have been compared with the Gaussian-Prewitt filtering technique. Anisotropic public exposure is a selective and nonlinear filtering technique that improves image quality, taking the noise while continuing and even heightening inside(a) informations. The anisotropic distribution procedure employs the dissemination coefficients to find the sum of smoothing that should be applied to each pel of the image. The diffusion procedure is based on an iterative method, and it is described by agen cies of the undermentioned diffusion equationwhere Iti, J is the strength of the pel at place I, J and at the tth draw in cN, cesium, cerium, and cW are the diffusion coefficients in the 4 waies ( north, south, east, and west ) parametersa?NI, a?SI, a?EI, and a?a?WI are the nearest-neighbor differences of strength in the four waies and I represents a coefficient that assures the stableness of the theoretical account, runing in the interval 0-0.25 . The initial post ( t = 0 ) of the diffusion equation is the strength pels of the original image. The diffusion coefficients are updated at every loop as a constitute of strength gradient. Normally, the two following maps were used for coefficient computation 21 ( 2 )where K is a control parametric quantity. The first map favours high-contrast borders over low contrast borders, whereas the 2nd emphasizes broad countries over smaller countries. A proper pick of the diffusion map non merely preserves but besides enhances the bord ers. This map monotonically decreases with the addition in gradient strength a?I. The control parametric quantity should be chosen to bring away maximal smoothing, where noise is supposed to be present at that place forward, it is possible to picture K to happen the maximal value of diffusion flow ( hundred a? a?I ) and take it to be equal to the noise degree. This manner, the undermentioned K values are obtained for two diffusion maps ( 2 ) 23 ( 3 )where I?n is the standard divergence of the noise cypher in the noisy image background. The judgement of the noise degree in a corrupted image is usually based on the computation of the standard divergence of the pels in the solid zone ( e.g. , background ) . For this ground, the pel indexes of the original image background, matching to the zones where in that respect is no signal ( Ii, ,j = 0 ) , have been calculated. Then, these indexes are used to cipher the standard divergence in the noisy image. In the first estimate, we ha ve supposed that the noise criterion divergence is changeless throughout the image. Therefore, to take into history the non stationarity of noise, we have calculated the K value as a map of local noise features. The noise is assumed to be statistically independent of the original image. We consider the differences in strength in thefour waies, i.e. ,( 4 )It is good known that the noise discrepancy of the amount of twoindependent noisy signals is the amount of the noise discrepancies of the two constituents. Therefore, it can comfortable be shown that the discrepancy of the noise is non affected by the operations in ( 4 ) , because the noise is assumed to be a white signal, i.e. , different pels are non correlated. Then, the noise discrepancies of I, DN, DS, DE, andDW are the same. To pronounce the local noise criterion divergence, we consider a sub image of size M ( M = 2m + 1 ) , where the undermentioned relationship is applied( 5 )It is possible to save that the local mean I?D, I, ,j is taken intohistory. In fact, even if the nomadic noise mean is zero, locally, the mean is normally nonzero. The estimated local criterion divergence is replaced in ( 3 ) , obtaining four K values for each diffusion map. The diffusion equation does non take into history the border waies. In fact, they are considered ever vertically or horizontally displayed. It is possible to better the public presentation of the diffusion filter by increasing the action of the filter on the waies parallel to the border and diminishing the filtrating action on perpendicular waies. To this purpose, is modified by adding new footings depending on the border way 12 ,A suited mask of size N is used to get off out a sub image, and the upper limit of the strength gradient is calculated to happen the border way. The size N depends on the image belongingss. If N is excessively little, the figure of mask pels is non sufficient to verify if an border issues and to cipher its orientation. If N is excessively big, it is possible to pull out a sub array incorporating more than one border orientation in this instance, the computation of the maximal strength gradient produces wrong consequences.V. RESULTSTo measure the consequence of noise add-on on the originalimages, the comparative RMS mistake eRMS was calculated as follows( 7 )Fig 5 ( a ) loop 0 imagewhere Io is the original high-dose image, I is the original image corrupted by Gaussian noise, and R and C are the row and column Numberss, severally. observational consequences have shown that this parametric quantity is, onFig 5 ( B ) cringle 1 imageFig 5 ( degree Celsius ) Iteration 2imageFig 5 ( vitamin D ) enhanced image loopmean, close to 13 % .Successively, ( 7 ) was used to cipher the noise decrease obtained by using the proposed filtering techniques on the corrupted image. In this instance, in ( 7 ) , I represents the filtered noisy image. In a first measure, the filter obtained by coupling Gaussian and Prewitt fil ters was tested. This technique allows diminishing the mean comparative mistake to 10 % . Successively, the anisotropic filter was tested. Several simulations have been used to put up the filter parametric quantities.In peculiar, a first set of footraces has been carried out to compare the public presentations of the filter obtained by ciphering the diffusion coefficients by agencies of the two maps ( 2 ) . The trial consequences show that the 2nd map produces somewhat better public presentations in footings of comparative RMS mistake. Probably, this is due to the belongingss of chest CT images, where the big parts are prevailing with regard to the countries with high contrastborders. Further simulations have been performed to place the figure of loops for the diffusion procedure. Fig. 5 ( a-c ) shows the average values of comparative RMS mistakes obtained in all filtering image trials versus the loop figure. It is possible to stay fresh that, for an loop figure less than 4, eRMS monotonically decreases otherwise, eRMS monotonically grows. Therefore, three loops have been used in the filtering trials. Furthermore, several simulations have been performed to find the size of the two masks used to gauge the local noise criterion divergence and border waies, severally. The analysis of trial consequences has led to take a size M = N = 7 for both masks. Finally, the public presentations of the Gaussian-Prewitt and anisotropic filters have been compared. The experimental consequences highlight that, utilizing the anisotropic filter, it is possible to diminish eRMS to about 6 % . Fig. 5. ( vitamin D ) shows an illustration of the public presentation of anisotropic filtering and of filtrating obtained by uniting Gauss and Prewitt operators applied on a noisy imageVI. DecisionIn this paper, an analysis of denoising techniques applied to CT images has been presented with the purpose of increasing the dependability of CT scrutinies obtained with low-dose radiation. Fir st, the chief proficient parametric quantities act uponing the radiation dosage and their deductions for diagnostic quality were investigated. Successively, the chief causes of CT noise and its statistical belongingss were analyzed. Finally, some image filters to cut down the noise part were proposed. In peculiar, a combination of Gaussian and Prewitt filters was ab initio tested, obtaining a RMS of 10 % . Successively, a filtering technique based on anisotropic diffusion was applied. Several simulations have been carried out to take the best filter parametric quantities. This manner, it has been possible to diminish the comparative mistake to about 6 % .

Sammys development through the story

A&P, written by John Updike is considered as an initiation story. It focuses on Sammy, a clerk and his capture with the three girls and Lengel. The main character, at first is dependent on his family and their connections to survive. He was employed by his father and mothers friend, Lengel and it is hinted that his grandmother had a considerable influence on him and that they were free tick offing each other. Also, he was still living with his parents since his mother was the whizz who ironed his shirt for that day.With this addiction on his family, unfortunately, add togethers a price he must do his silk hat not to upset nor disap eyeshade his parents. Like most young sons, Sammy was curious, observant and almost al ports wonders. With the arrival of the girls, Sammy at first adopts the usual repartee of a young, immature teenager and that was to admire the girls based on their appearance. ordinarily one not to commit mistakes, he was sc emeritused by an elderly brothel keeper for his lapse. Instead of taking right for his mistake, he comforts himself by dictum that the old wo valet was a witch who had goose egg better to do.In the first parts of the story, he was still childish and hormonally driven, especially when he was with his friend Stokesie as they checked out the girls. For him to take such a keen interest and distract him from his obligation emphasizes the temptation that the girlsor to a greater extent specifically, the Queenposed on him. The situation was wherefore exacerbated since they started to walk around with nothing but their bathing suits and distract everyone around them, and unwittingly take people with their gestures. The trance was broken when Lengel entered and started to admonish them in front of everyone.The girls passing game around the aisles can be interpreted as a dream for Sammy three attr officious young girls walking slowly around in the telephone line conditioned room under the lights in their bathing su its with no shorees nearby. It was unreal and fantastic it was a dream for every hormone active teenager. Even the fact that they ended up in his lane and the counselling that the Queen took out her payment was like a dream come true. The movement of the girls and the way that every aspect of them was emphasized seemed sublime. The thousand of the story itself seems to be dreamlike in nature, all seen in Sammys eyes.Lengels entrance from the outside breaks the dream his entrance can be interpreted as reality coming back. In reality, a boy like Sammy has to answer to an authoritative figure represented by Lengel. His passenger car symbolized responsibility and the end of childhood fantasies. Updike narrates that Lengel is the straitlaced type of man, one who teaches sunshine school. He starts to admonish the girls and embarrassed them in front of every body. Sammy watches the girls luff their reasons for coming in yet Lengel still admonishes them.In Sammys eyes, Lengel was orga nism unreasonable and preferred to have things only two ways his way or one is a delinquent for not following. At that point, the main character realizes that the situation is more intricate than the girls not following policy. What Lengel did in Sammys eyes was a show of power using his office staff as manager to not only admonish the girls but to as well embarrasses them. Even if the girl was only fulfilling an errand for her mother, he still didnt listen. It was lucid that the Queen went out of her way to buy the jar of herring snacks since the beach was miles and miles away.Also, the Queen seemed to be of a higher social class than Sammy he sees this and realizes the difference between the both of them. Before they left, the main character do a show of quitting, an indirect way of telling the girls that he was reservation a stand and that he thinks that they were untreated fairly. Unfortunately, in contrast to his exemplification fantasies of them seeing him as their hero , they left him to fend for himself. A mark of his maturity was shown in the way that he refused to back down despite creation alone in his opinion since he has positive the sense that one must go through with ones actions and take responsibility for them.He then(prenominal) mustered up the courage to question the authority for their actions. Lengel then explained to Sammy his own view of what transpired, ushering another realization for the main character. The realization is that not everything is black and white and that people tend to have differing opinions and their own point of view, never realizing the harm that they cause others. Also, in contrast to what is usually taught, in practice, people will choose their own interests and will get by miniscule for the welfare of others.Like in the case of Lengel, the manager suasion that they were the ones be embarrassed by the girls and not the other way around. It was then decipherable that Lengel pulled this exhibition of power since everyone else was watching and that he felt that the integrity of the store was being threatened. In Lengels eyes, the girls were devoteting on an indecent show for everyone and even distracted his most trusty clerk. merely Sammy still retained some of his dependence and thirst for approval since he briefly plan of his grandmother and how proud she would be of him if she could see him now.Lengel then started to remind Sammy of his responsibility to his parents, a sacred oath that he was not allowed to break. In his enactment of maturity, he went through with his decision knowing the consequences and outright told Lengel that he knew what he was doing and that the manager was the one who didnt know what he himself was doing. At that point, Sammy developed a different opinion based on what he power saw and what his point of view was, signaling to the audience that he was exhibiting the same fount as the adults.He then starts to shed the clothes that symbolized his dependence the accede tie and the apron. Yet with his actions, Sammy still exuded that idealistic and childlike quality that enabled him to care whether the girls were still there or that he can make a clean exit since it was summer and he didnt have to waste around for his winter apparel. Throughout the course of the story, he has addressed the shoppers as sheep, letting themselves herded into one point or the other.His description takes life when the shoppers stood and did nothing to defend the young ladies from Lengels verbal assault, unlike Sammy who stood up for what he believed in. As Sammy went out of the store, Lengel is seen taking care of the sheep in his place, the people who were still willing to follow authority despite of its misgivings. The last transition then occurred at that point Sammy realized that fighting for what you believed in would be laboured and most often times would leave you lonely and that since he has break himself from his dependence on his par ents, he would have to make it out on the world on his own.This transition is symbolized by Sammy standing in the juicy summer sun with no one but the mother who is foreclose at her children while the others are inside in the comfort of the air conditioned A&P. Seeing Lengel with such a harsh expression similarly made Sammy realize that the world has not been friendly to the old man either, and that he had to be strong and be the way he is just to survive. He had to forego other peoples feelings and put his interests first.From being a childish, hormonally driven pampered boy, Sammy matured into a responsible man who is not willing to back down from what he believes in once he sees injustice being committed. Like a young man, he went through with his decisions and refused to be intimidated by threats or emotional blackmail. Yet like a young boy, he still holds his idealism and someway had a feeling that the world was a lot more complicated that he thought and that not every rig ht thing was rewarded. rest up for what was right will prove to be difficult in a world of Lengels who all thought that they were the ones who were right. If he were to refuse to see injustice and stand up and oppose authority for what he believed in every single time, then like his experience at A&P, he will have no choice but to leave. every that or he would have to be harsh like Lengel was. It is also interesting to note that while Sammy was narrating the story, his parents thought that it was sad yet Sammy himself thought nothing of as if he accepted what transpired.

I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings

down trace 1 Nadia Lee English 2 Mr. sway 19 January 2013 I love why the Caged Bird Sings By Maya Angelou 1. originally I chose this numbers, I was thinking nigh choosing a couple of another(prenominal) angiotensin-converting enzymes when I finally realized that this verse caught my eye the most. I hit the hay Why the Caged Bird Sings helped me realize the benefits and consequences from some(prenominal) sides in livelihood. I make this meter in Google under the fellowship that said verses that talk nigh carriage. If you read this poem and admit it literally, than it will inculpate no affaire, entirely if you take it to the next level by analyze it to life, than it will mean so overmuch more. . The author of this poem is Maya Angelou who is a famous nearly k promptlyn poet throughout the world. Angelou is an Afri brush aside Ameri domiciliate who went through so much pain during her youth long time. Angelou was safe a child when African Americans were cosmos discriminated by whites. When she was eight years old, her aims boyfriend, Freeman, raped and sexually abused Angelou. She and so told her brother who ulterior took Freeman to court decision him guilty. After he was released from jail, one of Angelous uncles murdered Freeman posterior turning Angelou into a mute.Angelou stayed mute for quintet years, but inside those years was when she developed a passion for books and literature. throughout the years, Angelou has written many poems much(prenominal) as On the Pulse of break of day and Just Give Me a Cool Drink of Water forrad I Diiie. 3. I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings was chosen as the act of this poem because it duologue almost(predicate) how people in life struggle through so many things and that we must hold on to accept in company to keep moving on in life. Angelou put this as the title because it represents who she is and Lee 2 what she went through.She knows why the caged fowl sings because she is the caged m adam. The title utters us that this poem is going to talk about(predicate) what Angelou matte and her experiences of her youth. The caged fizzle and Angelou prevail so many things in common. Both gift been restricted and need to be let surplus. This title does reflect the boilersuit theme of this poem. It actually explains so much more of the theme quite than the poem itself. I beginnert recollect that this poem unavoidably an alternative title. It tells the reader everything already. It already touched my heart and I hope that its the perfect title. . I would say that this poem would be a lyrical type of poem. This poem expresses a flowerpot of feelings and emotions that allows the reader to infer what the poet felt. This poem expresses the feelings of being alone, locked up and wanting to be let off. I believe that the speaker of this poem is some(prenominal)one who is same a bystander. This bystander is observing one bird that is caged and another that is throw in the towel. The bureau is that the caged bird is trying to be like the bring out bird by spreading out its wings, but cant because of its oppressor making it out of the question for him to fly. 5.This poem is written in uncaring verse meaning that it contains no definite meter or a pattern of the rhyme scheme. It is dissever into six stanzas containing four to eight personal credit lines within each stanza. Each line does not contain a lot of words and the poet makes it short and simple. 6. The free bird leaps / on the back of the wind / and floats downstream / till the ongoing ends / and dips his wings / in the orange sunbathe rays / and d atomic number 18s to claim the sky. This is an example of tomography where Angelou allows us to imagine a bird flying in the sky. The poet did not include any sounds devices in this poem.This poem contains many personifications and metaphors such as But a caged bird stands on the grave of dreams (metaphor). Angelou uses the caged bir d and the free bird as an analogy that dialogue about her life. 7. This poem talks about two birds, one that is free and another that is locked up. Angelou talks about how the free bird is independent and does any(prenominal) it wants epoch the caged bird just Lee 3 hops nearly in his cage singing. She is comparing the lives of these two birds. The theme is about Angelous struggle to survive and how she grew up in a cruel world.The world-class stanza talks about how the free bird flies endlessly in the sky and floats down a stream relaxing. This stanza is telling us how there argon people in this world who are not terror-stricken of anything and can do any(prenominal) they please. To them, there is cipher that is troubling them and life is perfect. The second and trey stanza then switches over to the caged bird and talks about how he does not arouse enough space to walk around. The besides thing this bird can do is to sing about his rage. These stanzas tell us that there a re those like Angelou who dont give what others have and uses the only thing they have.The only thing that they possess is hope and without hope there is nothing at all. The fourth stanza talk about how the free bird is provided with everything it needs. If you study this to life than it tells us how there are others who are spoiled and wholesome cared for. The fifth stanza talks about how the caged bird only has his voice because everything he used to have are now gone. Even though some people dont have what they need, they still make the outmatch of what they have left. The last and final stanza repeats the third stanza. All we can do is to dream and wish for what we want while living life the beat we can.I Know Why the Caged Bird SingsLee 1 Nadia Lee English 2 Mr. List 19 January 2013 I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings By Maya Angelou 1. Before I chose this poem, I was thinking about choosing a couple of other ones when I finally realized that this poem caught my eye the most. I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings helped me realize the benefits and consequences from both sides in life. I found this poem in Google under the category that said poems that talk about life. If you read this poem and take it literally, than it will mean nothing, but if you take it to the next level by comparing it to life, than it will mean so much more. . The author of this poem is Maya Angelou who is a famous well known poet throughout the world. Angelou is an African American who went through so much pain during her youth years. Angelou was just a child when African Americans were being discriminated by whites. When she was eight years old, her mothers boyfriend, Freeman, raped and sexually abused Angelou. She then told her brother who later took Freeman to court finding him guilty. After he was released from jail, one of Angelous uncles murdered Freeman later turning Angelou into a mute.Angelou stayed mute for five years, but within those years was when she developed a passion fo r books and literature. Throughout the years, Angelou has written many poems such as On the Pulse of Morning and Just Give Me a Cool Drink of Water Fore I Diiie. 3. I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings was chosen as the title of this poem because it talks about how people in life struggle through so many things and that we must hold on to hope in order to keep moving on in life. Angelou put this as the title because it represents who she is and Lee 2 what she went through.She knows why the caged bird sings because she is the caged bird. The title tells us that this poem is going to talk about what Angelou felt and her experiences of her youth. The caged bird and Angelou have so many things in common. Both have been restricted and need to be let free. This title does reflect the overall theme of this poem. It actually explains so much more of the theme rather than the poem itself. I dont believe that this poem needs an alternative title. It tells the reader everything already. It already touched my heart and I believe that its the perfect title. . I would say that this poem would be a lyrical type of poem. This poem expresses a lot of feelings and emotions that allows the reader to understand what the poet felt. This poem expresses the feelings of being alone, locked up and wanting to be free. I believe that the speaker of this poem is someone who is like a bystander. This bystander is observing one bird that is caged and another that is free. The situation is that the caged bird is trying to be like the free bird by spreading out its wings, but cant because of its oppressor making it impossible for him to fly. 5.This poem is written in free verse meaning that it contains no definite meter or a pattern of the rhyme scheme. It is divided into six stanzas containing four to eight lines within each stanza. Each line does not contain a lot of words and the poet makes it short and simple. 6. The free bird leaps / on the back of the wind / and floats downstream / till the current ends / and dips his wings / in the orange sun rays / and dares to claim the sky. This is an example of imagery where Angelou allows us to imagine a bird flying in the sky. The poet did not include any sounds devices in this poem.This poem contains many personifications and metaphors such as But a caged bird stands on the grave of dreams (metaphor). Angelou uses the caged bird and the free bird as an analogy that talks about her life. 7. This poem talks about two birds, one that is free and another that is locked up. Angelou talks about how the free bird is independent and does whatever it wants while the caged bird just Lee 3 hops around in his cage singing. She is comparing the lives of these two birds. The theme is about Angelous struggle to survive and how she grew up in a cruel world.The first stanza talks about how the free bird flies endlessly in the sky and floats down a stream relaxing. This stanza is telling us how there are people in this world who are not afraid of anything and can do whatever they please. To them, there is nothing that is troubling them and life is perfect. The second and third stanza then switches over to the caged bird and talks about how he does not have enough space to walk around. The only thing this bird can do is to sing about his rage. These stanzas tell us that there are those like Angelou who dont possess what others have and uses the only thing they have.The only thing that they possess is hope and without hope there is nothing at all. The fourth stanza talk about how the free bird is provided with everything it needs. If you compare this to life than it tells us how there are others who are spoiled and well cared for. The fifth stanza talks about how the caged bird only has his voice because everything he used to have are now gone. Even though some people dont have what they need, they still make the best of what they have left. The last and final stanza repeats the third stanza. All we can do is to dream and wish for what we want while living life the best we can.

Business Culture in Turkey

Business grow Overview A brief overview of Etiquette/Relationships, Business Negotiations, and Communication when dealing with cargon in Turkey. Etiquette and Relationships Business etiquette in Turkey revolves around personal relationships. Appointments are indispensable and should be made in advance. Avoid making these appointments during Ramadan and the months of July and August. Be punctual, although be prepared to be kept waiting for appointments or meetings. Small maunder is welcomed during business meetings, do not open up with the business affair at hand immediately.Have all documents in English and Turkish, as intumesce to include charts, graphs, and visual aids. When dressing for business in Turkey, it should be conservative. Exchanging of business cards is a chump of trust from most businessmen. It is important to rouse hands when entering, however not so when departing. Business Negotiation constantly come to Turkey knowing two things. Success is defined by your ability to establish to build effective personal relationships. Business is personal. some(prenominal) businesses are still family run although it is changing with MNCs growing fast.The primary meeting is purely social, then from there it will be more or less business. Do not include any surprises or mystery to your proposal. They are more inclined to visual objects, so include charts, graphs, statistics in presentation. termination making tends to be slow, it has to pass from less senior members all the demeanor up the hierarchy. Turkish businessmen will start at extremes to aim responses. Know your target figure and work to compromise to a design in the middle. Do not use any pressure simulated military operation or abrupt deadlines because they will just reverse this tactic dependable back at you and it may drive them away from the deal.Communication Turkish stack prefer to conduct business with people they are very reliable of. Courtesy is crucial in all business sett ings. Stand close down while conversing, do not back away as it considered rude. Do not be impatient, many initial questions will not be about the topic at hand, but rather about family, children, soccer and more. Turks are proud to answer questions about their history, culture, but avoid political history. It is vital to maintain eye contact while talking, it is a sign of sincerity. Make sure any gifts are appropriate if given. It is not public for them to exchange gifts in a business setting however.

Do It Yourself Medical Tests: The Real Story Essay

In the past decade or so, the advancement of technology has resulted in the boom of gadgets such as cellular phones, handheld computers, flat screen television sets and the manage. However, this progression is non totally evident in entertainment and specifyation devices. In fact, these vast proficient developments assimilate believe in addition do an impact in the field of treat and wellnessc ar. Through the years, the introduction and use of highly sophisticated equipment has profoundly ameliorate the diagnosis and interposition of diseases, such as understructurecer.Most of the time, doctors merely have to evaluate their persevering ofs and make them undergo a series of machine- ground samples to further distinguish the disease or complications. However, to a greater extent than hospital-based technology, the introduction devices or kits have make it possible for patients to undergo medical examines in the thingumabob of their own scales. Before, a woman who comicals that she is pregnant had to visit her physician, give him a weewee consume and wait for days for the results of the pregnancy tests. Possibly, the solo test that could be make at nucleotide back then was chairing your temperature using a thermometer.Now, however, dim-witted tests like pregnancy tests and decline sugar tests for diabetes so-and-so be bought oer the counter, which means that patients no longer have to see their doctor often propagation just to undergo these tests. According to the Detroit Medical circle rounds online article, homemade Medical Testing Makes Inroads, other homemade test kits that have been made available for the past years include tests for hepatitis, cholesterin, colon cancer, urinary folder infections and HIV.Impact and Cost of Do-It-yourself KitsBased on the Detroit Medical Centers journal, do-it-yourself medical test kits have made a significant impact on patients lives, in particular, the f atomic number 18 of time they mak e it visiting their doctors and the length of availability of the test results. For example, in the past, diabetic patients had to check whether or not there was sugar in their urine to reminder their smear glucose. However, the introduction of testing strips and blood line glucose meters, which were usually strapped to a patients wrist, made that procedure archaic and countenanced greater convenience to diabetic patients.The patients can developedly measure the changes in their blood sugar with egress checking their urine and adjust their food intake and medication according to the results of the blood glucose meter. Moreover, based on the article, these meters can monitor blood glucose levels up to six times an hour, decreasing the need to use painful finger pricks, which is one causation why patients hesitate to undergo the test out front. In addition, the development of fine lancets and improved meters used for pricking require less of the patients blood. Another home te st kit that is currently available and commonly used at home is the cholesterol monitoring tests.While this test does not provide an amount of all the cholesterol fractions such as the good cholesterol and the bad cholesterol, it gives a patient a more or less simple overview of his or her cholesterol count. Similarly, home-test kits such as tests for ovulation, fecal undercover blood, colon cancer, hepatitis, urinary tract infections, HIV as well as blood pressure monitoring machines, have provided patients with the convenience of diagnosing themselves at home. However, man the do-it-yourself home test kit is a significant addition to society, it also comes with a high price.Based on Walton Crockers article, Dos and Donts for homemade Home Medical Testing, which was publish in the Associated Contents website, home medical test kits like cholesterol tests, prostate cancer tests, drug tests, HIV tests, hepatitis C tests, test for blood in the stool, and home monitoring mach ines, such as blood pressure monitoring machines, have a combined cost of more or less $6. 2 billion a year. Moreover, home blood glucose monitoring alone costs closely $5. 7 billion a year. The original blood glucose monitoring machine was enormous in coat and had to be strapped to a persons back.Now, in contrast, this machine is only the size of a key chain. In comparison, a patient spends ab issue $75 to $150 dollars on a regular visit to his or her doctor. However, more often than not, a citeation with the doctor regarding a true disease also includes a large amount of time worn out(p) and possible inconveniences as compared to using home test kits which similarly provide diagnosis of a disease. Furthermore, do-it-yourself patrimonial testing kits have also been developed. Patients use the kits to scrape cells from the inside cheeks and send it for testing. The results are released through e-mail.Risks and Issues of Do-It-Yourself Tests While modern society has warmly welc omed these vast developments in health and diagnosing certain diseases, there have been a lot of questions regarding their true statement and reliability. For example, the results of the home testing for blood cholesterol levels only gives patients the over-all amount of cholesterol and not the exact breakdown. According to the Detroit Medical Center, tests cholesterol levels should at least include High dumbness Lipoprotein, the good cholesterol and Low Density Lipoprotein, the bad cholesterol.Usually, the area of cite in this test is the exact amount of bad cholesterol as it more or less determines how ulcerous a patient is and what dietary adjustments a patient should make to lead his or her cholesterol levels. Do-it-yourself transmittable testing also has study flaws especially in the validation of results. Based on a breed cited by Dr. Andrew Weil in his website, a congressional investigation found out that certain firms who are selling home genetic testing kits were pr oduced clinically invalid results.These results, if not checked, can lead to false assumptions of a patient regarding his or her suspected disease. For example, a false positive result of a home genetic test which shows that a woman has a genetic mutation that can lead to breast cancer can make her feel overly worried in time though she the results are not factual. On the other hand, a false ostracize home genetic test result may cause a patient to curve a potential disease he or she has contracted since he or she believed the test results which are, in fact, invalid.However, despite these issues and controversies however, both the demand and popularity of home test kits are significantly growing. One reason for this popularity, according to Walton Crockers article, is that these home test kits provide privacy for patients with possible diseases. People who suspect that they have illnesses or diseases, such as Hepatitis and HIV, would rather want to realise their suspicions at h ome through the use of do-it-yourself test kits than go to a doctor and risk other people finding out about their possible disease.The greater convenience and the less time exhausted are also major factors that contri besidese to the popularity of home test kits. Furthermore, while doctors and health care professionals are pleased that the diagnosis of certain diseases can be done at home, a major cause of concern is that some patients do not consult a doctor even if they exhibit symptoms of a particular disease mainly because they tested negative in the home test kit.The Detroit Medical Center also embossed another concern that patients who use home testing kits think of themselves more as consumers than patients as they can purchase these kits from pharmacies and other drug companies. This essentially defeats the primary role of the doctor which is to evaluate a patients health condition, diagnose his or her possible diseases, and prescribe a treatment that would eventually cur e him or her.Moreover, some companies, especially those accessible online, submit that they are licensed by the government to operate but they are really not. Basically, all the issues, inaccuracies, and flaws of do-it-yourself kits suggest that patients who use them dont al appearances get the whole story regarding their health condition. The results that patients obtain from these kits are merely bits and pieces of the possible disease or condition that they may have.Doctors still know bestGenerally, despite the accessibility of the home testing kits and the convenience that they provide, it is best to consult a doctor first before do conclusions regarding a disease. A patient may test negative for a certain home test kit but the symptoms he or she exhibits may prove otherwise only if he or she consults a doctor, who is the best person to evaluate your health condition. The results of a cholesterol do-it-yourself kit may provide a patient with the amount of cholesterol in his o r her body, but it does not say which type of cholesterol he or she has in excess.The patient may have more of the bad cholesterol than the good cholesterol or vice versa, but he or she will never know unless his or her blood is tested in an actual laboratory. Although do-it-yourself kits can give patients an persuasion about the status of their health, according to the Detroit Medical Center, the tests done on an actual laboratory with certified and experienced professionals is still the best, safest, and most accurate way to diagnose any disease or medical condition.In his article, Walton Crocker suggests that before buying any home test kit, it is best to first consult a doctor to first assess the accuracy and reliability of the home test kit and also evaluate the condition of the patient. Furthermore, patients should also inform a pharmacist of the medications they are taking as some medications can give false negative or false positive results in home test kits.

Importance of Strategic Human Resource Management

Management in an scheme and asses its purposes in the chosen organization By Assimilate 23 In present business environment information technology has become back work up of any business or organization, and they are integral part of mean solar day to day activities. Information technology which connects all the departments with each other which cooperates to sum up efficiency, reduce communication time, production time, to improve, maintain the business flow. In inadequate every industry and even companies within the industry can waste different key success factors.It is important to select supply mountain range IT systems that are able to give us advantage in the areas some crucial to business success. Companies invest a good amount of their reckon to develop new softwares programs to improve their flexibility and responsiveness and competitiveness. In novel studies conducted by Food & Agricultural Organization (FAA) it was found that Food wastage crossways the world is alarming and $ 1 trillion of provender is being atrophied for the reason jack of technology, human error and facilities.In our pizza hut wall plug Information Technology will play very important social function which will connect all our operation. We being a fast food chain and products used are highly perishable and if a prissy control on purchase, storage and production is not there indeed our business may end up in loss. As per to a lower place given diagram IT will be connecting all our departments Fig. 1 Logistics & procural IT will help to collect data, tracking products inventory and reduce life style which will help everybody involved in the process.Has the data will be readily available it will help to procure our raw materials as per the requirement and keep a track on the movements, storage and delivery. surgical process It will help in day to day activities by attention customers taking their orders placing them to our production and arranging to deliver. In a ddition to this it will help to maintain our financial track, bank accounts, payment schedule and other uncial obligations.Customer kind To improve our customer service, attend customer complaints and develop relationship with customer we need a proper IT support such as CRM

Fahrenheit 451 Christ Figure Essay

If any character in the novel represents a deliverer realize it has to be Montag. Even though he does not overlap all the same traits as delivery boy that does not mean that he is not a Christ figure. Traits of Christ that are applicable to Montag is that hes around his 30s, self-sacrificing, good with children, came to redeem an unworthy world, in agony, in a federal agency is unmarried, and is in a type of wild with an encounter with the fiend. Just a identical(p) Christ, Montag was sacrificing himself and his flavour to redeem his society of its unworthiness. For sample even though many were opposed to him, thought he was crazy, and cute him under control, he knew what was right for the people by sacrificing his own life to try to get more books printed for them. He is good with children such as Clarisse (even though shes not typically a child further an adolescent) by not treating her as if shes an inferior but like as a friend which is not how most adult figures in thi s novel would treat her. Montag himself is in pure agony, even though he may not be physically but mentally.His soul is in torment with so much unanswered to him and he feels the only way to redeem it is through books which holds such vast amounts of information. Even though he is supposedly married to Mildred they do not even have get along and compassion for one another, just only making them seem like housemates sharing a home. One can assume that his own town can be seen as a wilderness and that the mechanical hunt down could be seen as the devil. The mechanical delineate could be seen as the devil for it shows no sign of positivity but negativity. For example all the hound is programed to do is kill and torture people like Montag, or in this instance Christ. There are some ways Montag could be in opposition of representing a Christ figure such as cleansing Captain Beatty, but he being a Christ figure does not mean you have to represent Christ in any aspect. It could be se en as more favorable that Montag does represent a Christ figure depending on the viewpoint one choses to look at through.

Hot zone

in that location atomic number 18 a number of characters in this book, choose i and spot us why you would want to be that person. Throughout this book we are introduced to many interesting and riveting characters but in my stamp bingle of the best characters in this book would have to be Major Nancy Jaax. She was a veterinarian in the Army, and her work at Fort Detrick in doctor often took her away from her children. Consequently, she often made up batches of meals in lift so they could easily be thawed and reheated in the microwave (Preston, 1994). She and her husband, Jerry, met in college and both became veterinarians.They eventually entered the military together as members of the Armys Veterinary Corps(Preston, 1994). They lived in Maryland with their two children, Jason and Jaime, and discordant pets. Nancys work took her away from her family in another(prenominal) respects, as well, and she missed saying goodbye to her dying father because she felt up that leaving du ring the decontamination mission would be a dereliction of duty (Preston, 1994). Nancy Jaax had to conflict to get into the pathology group at the United States Army Medical question Institute of Infectious Diseases (Preston, 1994).At that time, her status as a married womanly made other people feel that she was unqualified for the Job and that she would dread in a dire situation. The military at that time was hush a very male-oriented organization. In addition, Nancy had bad reactions to the vaccinations necessary to enter the computer programme (Preston, 1994). She actually wanted to get into the Level 4, or the highest-risk part of the program, because in that location is no vaccine for those agents. Finally, Nancys hands tended to move very quickly, and that made others nervous (Preston, 1994).When individuals handle sharp instruments that could be contaminated witn virus-intested b everyone wants to believe that his or ner partner is going to handle these instruments saf ely. Over the course of time, Nancy battled through from each one of these objections. She studied martial arts to control her movements, and at 5 feet, 4 inches, she could knock a 6-foot-tall man to the ground easily (Preston, 1994). Getting real into the program also included her standing up for herself to the colonel in electric charge of the program (Preston, 1994).She proved her desire and her competency, and by the time of the outbreak at the monkey house in Reston, Nancy Jaax had been promoted to the Chief of Pathology at USAMRIID Preston, 1994). 2. In your opinion did the government react befittingly when they decided to destroy the monkeys in Reston? why or why not? In my opinion, yes the government did react appropriately when they decided to destroy the monkeys in Reston. The monkeys at a research zeal were infected with a strain of Ebola.The military, along with the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), takes on the task of entering the monkey house and destroying the animals in an attempt to go by the virus from Jumping into the human population and causing a potentially worldwide crisis (Preston, 1994). The entire facility must be treated as a Hot Zone, and hundreds of monkeys are killed. Scares abound throughout the procedure one womans ventilated suit runs out of battery power, a monkey sight to be unconscious wakes up on the operating table eon it is being euthanized and tries to bite a soldier, and tears occur in various members space suits

Stryker Corporation

Stryker alliance is a Fortune vitamin D checkup technologies watertight base in Kalamazoo, Michigan. Strykers products intromit implants go ford in union reliever and trauma surgeries surgical equipment and surgical navigation systems kiboshoscopic and communication theory systems patient treatment and emergency medical checkup equipment neurosurgical, neurovascular and spinal devices as sound as early(a) medical device products used in a variety of medical specialties. In the United States, most of Strykers products are merchandiseed this instant to doctors, hospitals and other healthcare facilities.Internationally, Stryker products are sell in over speed of light countries through Company-owned gross sales agreements subsidiaries and branches as well as third-party dealers and distri providedors. military control Segments Stryker segregates their reportage into three reportable business segments Reconstructive, health check and Surgical, and Neuro applied scie nce and Spine. Reconstructive products consist mainly of implants used in hip and knee joint replacements and trauma and extremities surgeries.MedSurg products include surgical equipment and surgical navigation systems (Instruments) endoscopic and communications systems (Endoscopy) patient handling and emergency medical equipment (Medical) and reprocessed and remanufactured medical devices as well as other medical device products used in a variety of medical specialties. Stryker Neurotechnology and Spine products include a portfolio of products including both neurosurgical and neurovascular devices.Their neurotechnology offering includes products used for minimally invasive endovascular techniques, as well as a line of products for traditionalistic maven and open skull base surgical procedures, orthobiologic and biosurgery products including synthetic bone grafts and vertebral augmentation products, as well as minimally invasive products for the treatment of cunning ischemic and haemorrhagic stroke. Stryker also develops, manufactures and markets spinal implant products including cervical, thoracolumbar and interbody systems used in spinal injury, deformity and degenerative therapies.Contents 1 History 2 incarnate governance 3 Recent acquisitions 4 Sponsorships 5 Regulatory controversies 6 References 7 External linksHistoryThe Orthopedic Frame Company, precursor of Stryker Corporation, was formed on February 20, 1941 by Dr. Homer Stryker, a Kalamazoo, Michigan based orthopedist. Stryker developed the bend Framea mobile hospital bed that allowed for repositioning of injure patients while providing necessary body immobility, the regurgitate cuttera cast cutting apparatus that removed cast material without damaging key tissues, and the walking heel, among others.In 1964, the familiarity name belowwent revision and was officially changed to Stryker Corporation. 2 In 1979 Stryker make an initial public offering of stock and later acquired Osteonics Corpo ration, entering the replacement hip, knee, and other orthopaedic implants market (Stryker). In 1999 annual sales reached $2. 1 billion and in 2000 Stryker was included in the S&P 500 and the Forbes Platinum 400 for the first time. In 2002 sales reached $3.0 billion and Stryker was listed in the Fortune 500 for the first time.In 2003 Stephen P. MacMillan joined Stryker as President and COO. In 2005, annual sales reached $4. 9 billion and John W. Brown transitioned to the iodin role of Chairman of the Board while Steve MacMillan became President & chief executive officer. By 2007, Stryker sell its Physiotherapy Associates division to private equity theater Water way Healthcare Partners for $150 million. In February 2012, Mr.MacMillan re write and Curt R. Hartman was named Interim Chief decision maker Officer and Vice President and Chief Financial Officer.Mr. William U. Parfet was named Non-Executive Chairman of the Board. On October 1, 2012 Mr. Kevin A. Lobo was appointed as Pres ident and Chief Executive Officer. At the end of 2012, Stryker had approximately 22,000 global employees, annual sales of $8. 7 billion, and 35% of those sales were outside the U. S.Stryker Roll-In-StretcherAs of a 2012 global market overview of top medical technology firms, Stryker maintains a number 10 locus with total portfolio sales in excess of $8. 6 billion. Moreover, the firm maintains 35% universal reconstructive market share 50% worldwide MedSurg market share 15% worldwide Neurotechnology and Spine market share. The beau monde was recognized in by Hermann Simon as a role model for other small to medium coat business in his book Hidden Champions.Corporate governance As of 2013, members of the advance of directors of Stryker Corporation are John W. Brown, Chairman Emeritus Kevin A. Lobo, President & CEO William U. Parfet, Non Executive Chairman Howard E. Cox, Jr. Srikant M. Datar, Ph.D. Dr. Roch Doliveux Donald M. Engelman, Ph.D. Louise L. Francesconi Allan C. Golston Howa rd L. Lance Ronda E. StrykerRecent acquisitionsIn 1998, Stryker purchased Howmedica, the orthopaedic division of Pfizer, for $1. 65 billion. Howmedica became Stryker Orthopaedics. In August 2000, Stryker acquired, with stock, Guided Technologies, Inc. , a developer and manufacturer of optical localizers purposed for use in healthcare and industrial. In August 2004, Stryker acquired, for $120 million, SpineCore Inc. , a go with involved in the development of artificial spinal disks. About ii years preceding this date, in June 2002, the firm acquired the Spinal Implant Business of Surgical Dynamics Inc.for $135 million. In March 2006 Stryker absorbed the Haifa, Israel based Sightline Technologies Ltd. into its operations. Sightline, a manufacturer of gastrointestinal endoscopy apparatuses, propelled Stryker into the flexible endoscopy market. In February of the same year, the firm acquired eTrauma. com Corp. , a privately held entity involved in the development of software for visi t archiving and communication system (PACS) the company was incorporated into Stryker Endoscopy Business. December 2005 marked the companys acquisition of PlasmaSol Corp. for $17. 5 million.PlasmaSol produces technologies allowing sterilization of various MedSurg equipments. In 2009, Stryker acquired hike Healthcare Solutions, Inc. the market leader in the reprocessing and remanufacturing of medical devices in the U. S. In Jan 2011, Stryker acquired the Neurovascular Division of Boston Scientific, which includes products used for the minimally invasive treatment of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke. In June 2011, Stryker purchased Malvern, Pennsylvania-based Orthovita, a biomaterials company specializing in bone augmentation and reversal technologies.The Orthovita business now makes up the Stryker Orthobiologics division, which specializes in biomaterials for all Stryker divisions. In July 2011, Stryker finished the acquisition of privately held Memometal Technologies S. A. (Memomet al). France based Memometal develops, manufactures and markets products for extremity indications based on its proprietorship methods for preparing and manufacturing a shape memory metal alloy. In August 2011, Stryker signed a definitive agreement to acquire privately held Concentric Medical, Inc. (Concentric) in an all cash transaction for $135 million.Concentrics products include devices for the removal of thrombus in patients experiencing acute ischemic stroke along with a broad setting of AIS access products. In November 2012, Stryker acquired the Tel Aviv, Israel based Surpass Medical Ltd. a company developing a flow diversion stent technology to treat brain aneurysms using a mesh design and delivery system, for $135 million. 10 In March 2013, Stryker acquired Trauson Holdings Company Limited (Trauson). Trauson is a trauma manufacturer in China and a major competitor in the spine segment.SponsorshipsStryker maintains relationships with, but not limited to, the following profe ssional and trade organizationsThe Advanced Medical Technology Association (AdvaMed) The Medical Devices Manufacturing Association (MDMA) The Orthopedic Research and preparation metrical unit (OREF) case Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) European Federation of National Associations of Orthopaedics and traumatology (EFORT) International Society of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology (SICOT) International Society of Arthroscopy, Knee Surgery and Orthopaedic Sports medicine (ISAKOS) Foundation for Orthopaedic Trauma Speaking of Womens Health Arthritis Foundation and American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) Association of Perioperative Registered Nurses (AORN) American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM) Additionally, the following athletes publicly endorse Stryker Orthopaedics products Johnny Bench Fred FunkRegulatory controversiesOn Jan 27, 2000, Stryker Corporation restated its operating results for the year ended December 31, 1998 to reduce acquisit ion-related charges by $30. 9 million. Since early 2007 the company has received three Warning Letters from the food & Drug Administration citing issues in compliancy. The first of these, a seven-page correspondence, named various issues at an Ireland-based manufacturing facility such as untimely fix of failures and procedural disobedience in the testing of failed or otherwise problem-prone devices.The second, sent November 2007, cites issues at the firms Mahwah, N. J. facility including poor fixation of hip implant components, in some instances requiring mitigation by revision surgeries exceeded microbial level violations in the cleaning and final packaging areas of the sterile implants and failure to institute measures in prevention of recurrence of these and other problems. The final warning letter, sent April 2008, cites issues at the firms Hopkinton, MA biotechnology facility.Again, issues relate to quality and disobedience including falsification of documents relevant to the selling of products to hospitals which are to be sold under a limited, government-mandated basis. Stryker maintains that employees involved in the falsification of documents have since been terminated. In the dec of 2007, Stryker, along with the related companies Biomet, Zimmer Holdings, DePuy Orthopaedics and Smith & Nephew, were involved in civil ligation with the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Inspector General.This litigation called for a net payout of $311 million as the governmental department maintains the aforesaid(prenominal) companies engaged in unlawful kickbacks to physicians who urged hospitals to purchase their respective products. Stryker, however, having cooperated early in the investigation, was not fined. As of February 2008, a dispute exists between Stryker Corp. and the U. S. Department of arbitrator concerning a subpoena linking the company to aforementioned misconduct in sale of products.Since governmental filing of the injunction, Stryker notes that it has produced in excess of 300,000 pages of documentation in abidance with the mandate. U. S. Government counters, however, that the documentation was not proper in scope and format. rightfulness officials expect the investigation to continue for several months. Stryker recalled several models of medical vacuums sold under the Neptune Waste Management System brand in June and kinfolk of 2012. The devices, some of which had not been approved by the Food and Drug Administration, caused a fatal accident when the vacuum was mistakenly used to suction a passive drainage tube.

Importance of Biogas plant Essay

The efficiency prospect is gener every last(predicate)y assessed on the derriere of availablecommercial solutions of vitality i.e., fossil burn down like shove a coherent, coal, anoint etc. Worldwide, there is a major transition chthonianway in the force sector. Bio muff erect be a potential source of renewable cypher, Resi due(p)s from bio catalyst alike proven as a signifi butt endt source of organic plant food fertilizer. If there is tight-laced policy and implementation, Bangladeshs readiness crisis and organic fertilizer demand can be control through and through biogas sow.1. IntroductionBy 2020, the world is throwing into turmoil as demand for ability begins to greatly exceed the tote up crippling many a(prenominal) economies and triggering widespread social unrest. Many countries in the West whitethorn put through a decline in living standards with oil rationing and preservation measures introduced by governing bodys and substantial reductions in trave l, tourism and aviation. The crisis plays out for nearly ii decades, gradu eithery being resolved by a switch to renewable energy and alternative open fire technologies. In Bangladesh context, neither the determination-makers nor the experts pay due importance on proper extr follow up and put on of renewable energy. present g set upr population is using natural gas and imported oil, with the present rate of consumption, natural energy resources like gas will be faint hornswogglely and this is high time to derive policy and practice for exploration and social occasion of alternative renewable sources if we want to meet energy crisis in near future. Biogas has been found to be a proven renewable energy option.2. BiogasBiogas, a cheap secondary renewable energy, is a gaseous fuel obtained from biomass by the affect of anaerobic digestion or fermentation. Biogas fermentation is the process by which organic materials such as serviceman or animal excreta, internal wastage, agri cultural wastage etc, be degraded, by huge quantities of various microbes of different functions, under anaerobic conditions, to yield methane ( just about 55-70% content), carbon dioxide (about 3045% content) and low amount of separate gases in the end. Biogas can be utilise as a vehicle fuel or for generating electrical energy. It can also be burned directly for cooking, heating, lighting, process heat and absorption refrigeration. Cattle dung, agricultural residue, bird dropping, water hyacinth, human excreta may be utilise as raw materials for biogas coiffes. A typical biogas plant consists of a digester in which the slurry (dung mixed with water) is fermented an inlet cooler used to mix the feed and let it into the digester a gas toter/ dome in which the generated gas is collected an outlet tankful to annul the spent slurry distri andion pipelines to take the gas into the kitchen.3. How Biogas producedBiogas is produced by the anaerobic digestion or fermentation of biodegradable materials such as biomass, manure, sewage, municipal counterbalance, green risky, plant material, and crops. Biogas comprises primarily methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) and may comport small amounts of hydrogen sulphide (H2S), moisture and siloxanes.The gases methane, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide (CO) can be combusted or oxidized with oxygen. This energy release allows biogas to be used as a fuel. Biogas can be used as a fuel in any atomic number 18a for any heating purpose, such as cooking. It can also be used in anaerobic digesters where it is typically used in a gas engine to convert the energy in the gas into electricity and heat. Biogas can be compressed, much like natural gas, and used to billet motor vehicles.4. Advantages of Biogas TechnologyA potential source of renewable energy.A source of improved organic fertilizer.A mechanism for wastage management.Save surroundings.4.1 A potential source of renewable energy. zilch is wizard of the basic in gredients urgencyful to alleviate poverty and socio-economic development. The energy prospect is generally assessed on the arse of available commercial sources of energy i.e., fossil fuel like gas, coal, oil etc. Worldwide, there is a major transition underway in the energy sector. It is happening due to the following three major reasons(I) A decline in fossil fuel availability, their predicted gradual extinction in the next Few decades and the resultant price volatility due to demand-supply gap. (ii) The film to drastically cut global emissions for mitigating climate change (80% Reduction by 2050).(iii) The need for energy security. In Bangladesh efficient utilization of renewable energy resources is yet to assume commercial dimensions and hence rational policy dispersion on renewable energy usage is essential. The renewable energy admits solar, wind, biogas and biomass hydro, geothermal, tidal wave etc.Despite of above scenario biogas source can be use as a potential source of renewable energy.4.2 A source of improved organic fertilizer.Bio product of biogas plant is improved organic fertilizer. This fertilizer contains organic component like atomic number 7, Phosphorus, and Potassium &Micro Nutrients NitrogenProducing compost fertilizer Nitrogen issuees calculated 50 % in every three months at the time of aerobic fermentation, on the other hand 10 % losses calculated while producing from biogas residuesFigure- 2 shows, keeps comparison between Chemical fertilizer and biogas residues from Biogas plant (Production in percentage)Biogas can outline sustainable tear use. swerved use of fertilizers and insecticides compargond with consumes used for row crops, protection of riparian areas, and erosion protection for sensitive land areas.4.3 A mechanism for Wastage managementMunicipal waste is the abandoned materials which return been thrown away after use in daily invigoration in the urban area. Municipal waste generally compose of nutrient scrap, packaging materials, used plastic materials, tire etc. Due to the increase growth of urban population in Bangladesh this municipal waste is getting high concerns from the management perspective. Also the management of this huge amount of waste is a worth of large expense. Thehuge amount of waste in the urban areas of Bangladesh due the rapid growth of population can be a potential source of biogas takings. The calculation shows that by adopting active voice biogas array procedure in the major landfills of the main cities can produce 319989.36 KWh of electricity. Recommendations are wedded to develop this technology within minimized cost and ensuring milieual safety. The unhygienic dumping zones in every city could me turned into a potential source of renewable energy by adopting active gas collection technology instead of spending money to manage the waste in that areas and keeping a huge land area unused. To re search the untouched potential of biogas source of municipal wast e following actions are recommended-To attract the investment in this sector government should demonstrate one pilot project with the abet of foreign Development partners.-Private sectors should be given incentives to invest in biogas from municipal waste.-The technologies used in the countries successfully take waste to electricity system should be imported with necessary subsidies.-To alleviate the consciousness media should be used properly.4.4 Save Environment.The glasshouse effect is caused by gases in the atmosphere (mainly carbon dioxide, CO2) which allow the suns short wave radiation to reach the earth surface while they absorb, to alarge degree, the long wave heat radiation from the earths surface and from the atmosphere. Due to the natural greenhouse effect of the earths atmosphere the add up temperature on earth is 15C and non minus 18C.The increase of the so called greenhouse gases whichalso include methane, ozone, nitrous oxide, etc. cause a rise of the earthstemp erature. The World Bank Group expects a rise in sea levels until the year 2050 of up to 50 cm. Flooding, erosion of the coasts, Stalinization of ground water and loss of land are but a few of the consequences mentioned. Until now, instruments to cut out the greenhouse effect considered primarily the reduction of CO2-emissions, due to their high proportion in the atmosphere. Though other greenhouse gases appear to be only a small portion of the atmosphere, they cause much more harm to the climate. Methane is not only the second most important greenhouse gas (it contributes with 20% to the effect while carbon dioxide causes 62%), it has also a 25 times higher global warming potential compared with carbon dioxide in a time horizon of 100 years. The Bio gas plant legally reduces the amount of methane directly released into the atmosphere, by trapping it and facilitating its use as a green fuel. After burning, methane only releases harmless gases in air.Other uses of biogasWith the he lp of biogas we can drive gas generator to produce electricity in rural area. We can use gas incubator to produce poultry chicken from egg. We can use gas lantern by using bio gas in nighttime time in village area. Hotel and restaurant can use biogas for cooking purposes by using the residue of vegetable and nutriment waste. We can drive gas hitter for hitting water during pass season. Different poultry and dairy farm can mitigate their need of gas by using their own animal excreta.5. Biogas significance in BangladeshAs a country of large population and for the convenient environment Biogas might be the potential source of energy. Though recently government has initiated some pilot project with the help of some foreign NGOs, but the utilization of the full potential is yet to reach. The main caper is cunning in lack of public cognisance and social prejudices. Government should supply the needed equipments to the private organization with less expense to encourage the thing in this sector.5.1 Types of Biogas Digester invented by Bangladesh governmentorganizations LGEDThere are three types of basic targets of biogas plants assay in Bangladesh (I) Floating report digester It whole works on the principle of constant pressure, changing volume. The digester, cylindrical well, commonly do from brick and cement, is covered with a aimless steel cylinder with an open back (Fig. A). As the cylinder has a constant weight, it moves up when gas merchandise is higher than consumption and comes down under the reverse conditions.(ii) Fixed cover digester It works according to the principle, constant volume, changing pressure. When the rate of gas mathematical product is higher than that of gas consumption pressure inside the digester rises and expels some digester contents into the outlet compartment. When the consumption is higher than production, pressure inside the digester falls and the expelled materials in the outlet compartment run back to the digester (iii) Plastic Cover digester A long cylindrical polythene/PVC stand, half-buried longitudinally in the ground, is fed with unexampled cow-dung slurry at one end and discharged at the other. With the formation of gas, the bag swells like a balloon and the gasis led out to the point of use through a pipe by putting pressure on the balloon form outside In early 80s, the floating type design was used for biogas plant. But dueto corrosion of the steel dome, the gas leakage problem happened and it could not be removed. Later on BCSIR tried with fixed done type design and it has been successful in all biogas plants. The plastic bag type designs not used in Bangladesh it is used in China. In this project, the fixed dome type design has been proposed.5.2 approachability of biomass in Bangladesh for energy generation. The amount of money annual generation and recoverable amounts of biomass in Bangladesh are about 165 and 9 MT/year respectively. uncouth residues represent 48% of the total recoverable biomass followed by 23.9% from animal wastes and poultry droppings. In two hundred6, the biomass consumption for energy in Bangladesh was about 350 pico-Joules (PJ). At an honest annual growth rate of 1.3%, the consumption in 2010 will be about 370 PJ. The total recoverable biomass energy of the country in 2006 was about 1250 PJ from which about 820 PJ of biomass energy was available for electricity generation. On the other hand,the total biomassenergy consumption in 2006 was about 473 PJ. Assuming the same average annual growth rate of 1.3%, the biomass consumption in 2010 will be about 286 PJ. Therefore, the amount of biomass energy available in 2006 was 777 PJ, which is equivalent to 216 terawatt-hours (TWh). fit in to these two estimates and considering that the consumption of biomass for non-energy purposes is negligible, the annual available biomass energy potential for electricity generation in Bangladesh is in the range of 216- 250 TWh.5.3 Present biogas Gene ration postAccording to Infrastructure Development Company Limited (IDCOL) sources, Bangladesh has 215,000 poultry farms and 15,000 cows farms where electricity could be generated by establishing biogas plants. So far, 35,000 biogas plants have been established for the production of gas for cooking purposes in the rural areas. IDCOL has set a can of establishing 60,000 biogas plants by 2012, each of which could produce, on average, 94.22 straight feet of gas. At present, 3.3 million square feet biogas is being produced in the country.5.4 AffordabilityBiogas is a proven technology there is no risk of failure if proper design and supervision can be ensured. Most of the micro finance institutions are now convinced and took decision to provide loan for the construction of Biogas plants. Most of the urban poor can not afford gas connection as it costs Tk. 200 to Tk. 400 per month. Instead they can install Biogas plants with. Bank loan and pay the loan out of their fuel savings domes tic size Biogas plant of 100 cft capacity cost Tk. 15,000 to Tk.18, 000 and can meet the cooking energy need for a five- member family. Impact on health and environment Large scale bio energy development in Bangladesh could bring prodigious environmental benefits. Sustainable bioenergy development could Reduce higher level of deforestation. Reduce net greenhouse gas emissions. Improve air quality and reduce acid deposition. Improve soil quality and reduce erosion. Reduce land filling by adding value to residues.5.5 Few case studyBiogas plants in different institution LGED has constructed 61 Biogas plants in different educational institutes, orphanages, hospitals, rail/college hostels for solving the sanitation problems and getting biogas as an alternative energy source. peerless of these important plants is in Faridpur orphanage. There are 250students and staff in Faridpur orphanage. For their night soil disposal they needed to construct a infectious tank for 250 users with Tk.6 0, 000. LGED in mid 1992 constructed a Biogas plant with Tk. 16,000which served the purpose of septic tank as well as a source of gas and fertilizer. This has rock-bottom the investment by Tk. 34,000 and the mission has been saving Tk. 25,000 against fuel cost per year. lawsuit 1 Ganaktuli Sweeper colony, DhakaThere are five buildings for sweepers and 40 families reside in each building. The latrines of the buildings were not connected with any septic tank or gutter system. Previously, night soil was passing through surface drain creating health hazard. To connect the latrines of building No-I to the nearby sewerage line Tk. 60,000 and to construct a septic tank for 221 users of the building Tk. 50,000 were necessary. Instead, LGED constructed a Biogas plant for Tk. 20,000 in 1993which is working till today without any problem giving sufficient gas to meet fuel need of all families of 1 building. There was some maintenance for leakage and Tk. 300 was spent. detect the performance of the plant, residents of other 4 buildings created pressure on the city muckle to construct similar plant in those buildings. By now Biogas plants have been constructed in all the remaining 4 buildings.Case 2 bionomical Village Amgram/Uttar Hogla in Madaripur LGED took up Ecovillage project on experimental basis as pilot programme with the objectives to make the villagers aware about environment and technology, create clear, healthy and acceptable environment in the villages and inspire the throng around the villages to accept such project. There are 662 people in the village in 123 families. Besides other socio economic activities, the following facilities were also provided There was no latrine in the village and 95latrines were constructed. As an alternative source of energy 15Biogas plants were installed, three persons were trained in the construction of Biogas plant. The Biogas plants are providing energy input to the villagers.6. ConclusionDifferent implementing agencies in Bangladesh, which are active in promoting bio gasification technology, are not paying sufficient attention to effective and focused groupcollaborative R&D aimed at renovating, optimising and improving the design for variation to local conditions. Limited R&D facilities and capabilities and lack of co-ordination among the researchers and implementing authorities may well pose a major stumbling-block towards the success of this endeavour. Moreover, the follow-up action program is also very limited. Sometimes, the plant-owners do not get proper technical guidance for the operation and maintenance of their plants.Thus, the successful application and flank of this option depends onInstitutional measures and close collaboration between sectors involved. This should include, among others, cooking for soft loans and/or subsidy availability of standard prototype for design and construction and site-specific maintenance guidelinesmeaningful public involvement which should aim at passin g relevant information of this technology to the community to increase awareness and promote acceptability of this technologyAccurate calculation of the benefits of this technology.Biomass could play a role in reducing C02 emissions in both of these sectors. As the slurry ashes in the digester for 30-40 days in anaerobic condition, the effluent becomes pathogen free and the outfit is smell-free combustible gas and organic fertilizer which is improving the environment and preventing diseases. At present Bangladesh meet 46.15% of its energy need by agricultural residue, 10.5% by cow dung, 12.9% by fuel wood and 33% by guide residue. This means that to meet our energy need we are depriving, ourselves from organic fertilizer and creating environmental imbalance bydeforestation. One pragmatic estimate puts that the use of biogas will reduce energy deficit at least by 15%.ReferenceBangladesh Power Development Board. Annual Report of 2006-2007. Dhaka, Bangladesh BPDB, 2008. operational www.bpdb.gov.bd/download/Annual%20Report-10.pdfBiogas Digest,Vol 1, Information and Advisory Service on take into account Technology (ISAT),GTZ (PREGA), Bangladesh Country Report,2003.Obozov, A.D. and Asankulova, Biogas in Kyrgyzstan, Applied Solar Energy, 2007, Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 262265 bollix up Concern Database, http//www.wasteconcern.org/database.htmlM. Alamgir and A. Ahsan, Municipal Solid Waste and Recovery Potential Bangladesh persuasion ,Iran. J. Environ. Health. Sci. Eng., 2007, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 67-76S. Karapidakis and Anna Tsave,Electric Power Production by Biogas Generation at Volos Landfill in Greece Applied Solar Energy, submitted for publication Dr.M.Eusuf, Technological Feasibility of CDM insure Dhaka City Solid Waste.NTE.BangladeshJICA (2004) Solid Waste Management show of Dhaka City Corporation, Final Report of JICA Expert, Bangladesh. on tap(predicate)www.dhakacity.org/cleandhaka//CleanDhakaMasterPlanMain.pdf ICAR paper (report issued by the Indian Council of Agricultural research, New Delhi) http//www5.gtz.de/gate/techinfo/biogas/framecond/environ.htmlWinrock International, Nepal Biogas Support Program (BSP) Nepal, Accessed from google on 10th kinfolk 2012.Official website of Renewable energy information network, Bangladesh.Available at http//www.lged-rein.org Accessed on 12 September 2012.Biogas program Grameen Shaktihttp//www.gshakti.org/index.php?option=com_content& quite a little=article&id=60&Itemid=6 4 Accessed on 12 September 2012.Bangladesh electricity production from renewable sources. Available at http//www.indexmundi.com/facts/bangladesh/electricity-production-from-renewablesources. Renewable Energy Prospects & Trends in Bangladesh Presented by-Mazharul Islam. Bangladesh Power Development Board.ZakariaMahbub, Husnain-Al-Bustam, SuvroShahriar, T.M. IftakharUddin, AbrarSaad, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA), Vol. 2, Issue 2, Mar-Apr 2012, pp.896-902.Md. M. Biswas, Kamol K. Das, Ifat A . Baqee, Mohammad A. H. Sadi, Hossain M. S. Farhad, Prospects of Renewable Energy and Energy Storage organizations in Bangladesh and ontogenesis Economics, Global Journal of researches in engineering , Volume 11 Issue 5 Version 1.0 July 2011.Website of Wikipedia on Renewable energy. Available at http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Electricity_sector_in_BangladeshRenewable_energyMd. ZunaidBaten, EmranMd.Amin, AnikaSharin, Raisul Islam, Shahriar A. Chowdhury, Renewable Energy Scenario of Bangladesh Physical Perspective, International Conference on the Developments in Renewable Energy Technology (ICDRT) 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh.Mir NahidulAmbia, Md. Kafiul Islam, Md. AsaduzzamanShoeb, Md. Nasimul Islam Maruf, A.S.M. Mohsin, An Analysis & Design on Micro Generation of A Domestic SolarWind Hybrid Energy System for Rural & Remote Areas-Perspective Bangladesh. 2010. Website of Wikipedia on biogas. Available at http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/biogas. Potential of micro hydro power units in Bangladesh. Available athttp//www.lged-rein.org/ How wind turbine works. Available athttp//www.energymatters.com.au/renewableenergy/wind-energy

Heena Sidhu: Personal Life Essay

Heena Sidhu is an Indian shooter. She along with Annu Raj Singh won the currency palm in womens Pairs 10 metre air pistol at the 2010 Commonwealth Games.1 Heena (384) and Annu (375) won the 14th gold palm tree for India from the shooting range. She likewise won a silver laurel in the iodins resultant role. Heena Sidhupersonal bread and only ifterHeena is a Punjabi and was born in Ludhiana. Her home town is Patiala. She studies BDS (Dental Studies) and is sort of fond of painting and sketching. Career Heena has been a practicing shooter since cc6 when she was in twelfth standard and by the end of that class she make it into the National immature Team. Although Sidhu started practicing shooting quite late but began participating in opposite competitions from 2007. She played for the Patiala Club and is rightfulness handed shooter with right beingness her dominant eye. Heena, along with Annu Raj Singh and Sonia Rai, won a silver palm in the Womens 10m Air Pistol Team eve nt at the 2010 Asiatic Games held in Guangzhou, China. Her other notable achievements include harming silver medal in ISSF World Cup 2009 at Beijing2 and 1st position in the womens 10m air pistol at the theme championship 2009, Kerala. Sidhu make it to the Indian squad that represented the nation in the 2012 Summer Olympics in London.3 She debated in the Womens 10 metre air pistol event, conclusion 12th in the qualification round. freewoman began sport at a very fresh age. Her world-class coach was her step beat, Bruce Barber. By her early teens she had a collection of regional and national titles, having competed in the 100 metres, 200 metres, soaring jump and long jump.citation needed In 1987, freeman moved on to Kooralbyn global School to be coached professionally by Romanian Mike Danila, who became her outset real coach and later a key influence end-to-end her career he provided a strict training regime for the young athlete.345 In 1988, she was awarded a scholarship to an exclusive girls school, Fairholme College in Toowoomba. In a competition in 1989, freeman ran 11.67s in the 100 metres and Danila began to think around entering her in the Commonwealth Games Trials in Sydney.In 1990, freewoman was elect as a member of Australias 4 100 m relay team for the Kooralbyn International School Romanian Mike Danila,, virgin Zealand. The team won the gold medal, making freeman the graduation perpetually Aboriginal Commonwealth Games gold medallist, as well as hotshot of the youngest, at 16 years old. She moved to Melbourne in 1990s afterward the Auckland Commonwealth Games. Shortly after moving to Melbourne, Bideau her manager introduced freeman to athletics coach, Peter Fortune who would become freewomans coach for the correspondence of her career. She was then selected to represent Australia at the 1990 World Junior Championships in sport in Plovdiv, Bulgaria. There, she reached the semi- last-places of the 100 m and placed fifth in the f inal of the four hundred m.Freeman competed in her second base World Junior Championships in Seoul, South Korea. She competed only in the 200 m, winning the silver medal behind Chinas Hu Ling. Also in 1992, she travelled to her first Olympic Games, reaching the second round of her new specialty event the four hundred metres. At the 1993 World Championships in Athletics, Freeman competed in the 200 m, reaching the semi-finals. 1994 was Freemans break by season, when she entered into the worlds elect for the first date. Competing at the 1994 Commonwealth Games in Canada, Freeman won gold in both the 200 m and four hundred m. She likewise competed as a member of Australias 4100 m squad, winning the silver medal and as a member of the 4400 m team, who absolute first but were later disqualified.During the 1994 season, Freeman took 1.3 seconds from her 400 m personal best, achieving 50.04 seconds. She also set all- metre personal bests in the 100 m (11.24) and 200 m (22.25). Although a medal front-runner at the 1995 World Championships in Athletics in Sweden, Freeman finished fourth. She also reached the semi-finals of the 200 m. Freeman made more progress during the 1996 season, context many personal bests and Australian records. By this stage, she was the biggest challenger to Frances Marie-Jos Prec at the 1996 Olympics.citation needed She eventually took the silver medal behind Prec, in an Australian record of 48.63 seconds.This is still the sixth fastest time of all time and the second fastest since the world record was set in Canberra, Australia in 1985. Only Sanya Richards-Ross has come within a quarter of a second of Freemans time since.6 Precs winning time of 48.25 is the Olympic record and the third fastest ever. In 1997, Freeman won the 400 m at the World Championships in Athens, with a time of 49.77 seconds. Her only loss in the 400 m that season was in Oslo where she injured her foot.citation needed Freeman took a break for the 1998 season, due t o injury. Upon her supply to the track in 1999, Freeman did not lose a single 400 m race, including at the World Championships.7ABC footage and interviews of crowds celebrating Freemans Olympics win. Her winning streak continued into the 2000 season, despite Precs recall to the track. Freeman was the home favorite for the 400 m title at the 2000 Olympics in Sydney, where she was expected to face-off with rival Prec. This showdown never happened, as Prec left the Games after what she describes as harassment from strangers.8 Freeman won the Olympic title in a time of 49.13 seconds, befitting only the second Australian Aboriginal Olympic champion (the first was Freemans 4400 teammate Nova Peris-Kneebone who won for reach hockey 4 years earlier in Atlanta).9 aft(prenominal) the race, Freeman took a victory lap, carrying both the Aboriginal and Australian flags. This was despite the position that unofficial flags are banned at the Olympic Games and the Aboriginal flag, patch recog nized as official in Australia, is not a national flag, nor recognized by the International Olympic Committee.1011 Freeman also made the final of the 200 m, coming sixth.12 In honour of her gold medal win in Sydney, she represented Oceania in carrying the Olympic flag at the opening ceremonies of the next Olympics, in Salt Lake City, joining Archbishop Desmond Tutu (Africa), gutter Glenn (The Americas), Kazuyoshi Funaki (Asia), Lech Wasa (Europe), Jean-Michel Cousteau (Environment), Jean-Claude Killy (Sport), and Steven Spielberg (Culture).citation needed Throughout her career, Freeman regularly competed in the priggish Athletic League where she won two 400 m races at the Stawell Gift Carnival.13 Freeman did not compete during the 2001 season. In 2002, she returned to the track to compete as a member of Australias victorious 4400 m relay team at the 2002 Commonwealth Games. Freeman proclaimed her retirement in 2003.14Since retiring from athletics Freeman has become gnarled in a r ange of community and charitable activities. She is an Ambassador of the Australian Indigenous Education Foundation.15 Freeman was appointed as an Ambassador for bungalow by the Sea, alongside celebrity chef Curtis Stone and big wave surfer Jeff Rowley. Cottage by the Sea is one of Australias oldest charities and each year provides short-term beachside holidays and respite care for more than 900 children and families in need.16 Personal lifetimeFreeman was born in 1973 at Slade Point, Mackay, Queensland to Norman Freeman and Cecelia. She and her brothers Gavin, Garth and Norman (who died after a motor vehicle accident on 16 September 2008) 17 were raised there and in other parts of Queensland. She also had a sister named Anne-Marie (19661990) who suffered from cerebral palsy and spent much of her life in a home for the disabled. Freeman attended several schools, but was mostly educated at Fairholme College, in Toowoomba.citation needed Her parents divorced in 1978.18 Freeman has described how she has been influenced by early experiences with racism and also by her Bah faith.19 Freeman was raised a Bahai, and says of her faith, Im not a pricy Bahai but I like the prayers and I appreciate their determine about the equality of all human kind.2021 Freemans catch Cecelia (ne Sibley) was born in the Aboriginal community on Palm Island. Freemans father Normans father was Frank Fisher Norman was raised by his mother Geraldine Roy and his stepfather Claude Freeman.18 Freemans late grandfather, Frank Fisher was an outstanding rugby player.22 Freeman had a long-term romantic relationship with Nic Bideau, her manager, that ended in acerbity and legal wranglings over Freemans endorsement earnings.2324 Freeman unite Sandy Bodecker, a Nike executive and 20 years her senior, in 1999.After her success in Sydney she took an extended break from the track to nurse Bodecker through a bout of throat cancer among MayOctober 2002.25 She announce their separation in February 2003. Later that year, Freeman began dating Australian participant Joel Edgerton whom she had initially met at the 2002 TV Week Logies. Their relationship ended in early 2005.26 In October 2006 Freeman announced her engagement to Melbourne stockbroker James Murch.27 They unify at Spray Farm on the Bellarine Peninsula on 11 April 2009.28 Freeman gave birth to Ruby Anne Susie Murch on 8 July 2011.29 She joined with actress Deborah Mailman on a road trip+, a four-part television documentary serial publication Going Bush (2006) where the pair set off on a journey from Broome to Arnhem Land spending time with Indigenous communities along the way.3031 In 2008, Freeman participated in Who Do You Think You Are? and discovered that her mother was of Chinese and English heritage as well as Aboriginal. As a result of a 1917 Queensland policy that Aborigines could serve in the armed services if they had a European parent, her paternal great grandfather On her right arm, the side closest to t he spectators on an athletics track, she had the words Cos Im Free tattooed, Frank Fisher served in the 11th animated Horse Regiment during WWI.1832 On her right arm, the side closest to the spectators on an athletics track, she had the words Cos Im Free tattooed mid-way between her shoulder and elbow.33 English textbookThe tarradiddle of Freeman and her accomplishments in the Olympics were utilize in an English book known as Sunshine in Japan. The book was used by Japanese junior high schools in their third year. It told of her winning the gold medal at the 2000 Olympics. It then goes on to talk about Australias Aborigines and then about her personal life. Her story is used as a means to teach relative pronouns to the students.